As Though No Other Name Ever Existed – Why We Call Them “Black Holes.”

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Given the breadth of information and depth of understanding that exists in popular culture about black holes, one could be forgiven if it is assumed that we understand nearly all there is to know about them. That is wrong, however. What is widely understood about black holes may fill an entire public library, but they are still an iceberg of mystery, of which we have only just scratched the surface. Continue ReadingAs Though No Other Name Ever Existed – Why We Call Them “Black Holes.”

Mars Didn’t Have Bathtubs, It Had Shelves

Scientists have been debating for decades whether Mars once held a vast ocean covering a large part of its northern face. To prove the idea, they’ve been looking for a “bathtub ring” – a distinct, level shoreline that shows where water once stood. But, despite years of looking, they’ve only been able to find a very distorted potential shoreline whose height deviates by several kilometers – not exactly great evidence of a stable water level. But, according to a new paper in Nature from Abdallah Zaki and Michael Lamb of CalTech, what scientists should have been looking for wasn’t a bathtub ring, but a continental shelf.

Seeing is believing: Smart probes reveal proteins inside living cells with unprecedented clarity

Fluorescent probes have transformed modern biology by allowing researchers to tag and visualize individual molecules in living cells, tissues, and animals. Using these tools, researchers can watch viruses infect cells in real time, observe cellular trash collection, and track the signaling that spurs tumor growth. Now, scientists at Albert Einstein College of Medicine and the Salk Institute for Biological Studies have developed a new molecular imaging technology that illuminates proteins inside living cells and animals far more clearly than before. Described in Nature Methods, the system uses engineered fluorescent nanobodies—tiny antibody-like protein fragments—that light up only when they bind to their specific targets.

Stellar Flares May Expand Habitable Zones Around Small Stars

The search for life beyond Earth has traditionally focused on exoplanets orbiting Sun-like stars, which is a G-type star. However, low-mass stars, which are designated as K-type and M-type stars, have rapidly become a target for astrobiology, primarily due to their much longer lifetimes. This also means the habitable zone (HZ), which is the distance from a star where liquid water could exist, is much smaller than our solar system’s HZ, and is referred to as the liquid water habitable zone (LW-HZ). In contrast, another type of HZ that involves a star’s ultraviolet (UV) radiation potentially enabling life-harboring conditions is known as UV-HZ.

Mapping the hidden structure of the universe

The universe has a hidden structure, and a University of Virginia professor is mapping it in 3D, using 46 million galaxies and quasars and 19 million stars. Satya Gontcho A Gontcho, an assistant professor in the Department of Astronomy, is part of a team using the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory-led, Arizona-based Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument to conduct one of the most extensive surveys of the cosmos ever. DESI has built the largest 3D map of the universe ever created by humanity to study dark energy, one of the biggest mysteries in physics.

Scientists Connect Sub-extreme Solar Outbursts to Tree Rings via Poetry

As we make our way through the latest solar maximum period, scholars and scientists are looking to similar events in the past to learn more about ancient bouts of solar activity. In particular, they want to know more about solar proton events (SPEs). These outbursts of high-energy particles get triggered by flares and coronal mass ejections.

NASA on track for future missions with initial Artemis II assessments

Following NASA’s Artemis II mission successfully splashing down on Earth, engineers started diving into detailed analysis of data to assess how key systems and subsystems on the Orion spacecraft, SLS (Space Launch System) rocket, and systems at the launch pad at the agency’s Kennedy Space Center in Florida performed. The Artemis II test flight successfully began a new era of exploration, laying the groundwork for the third Artemis mission next year, lunar surface missions, a moon base, and future missions to Mars.

Which Types of Civilizations Collapse and Which Can Endure?

New research examines 10 different types of global technological civilizations, how they govern themselves, how they use resources, and other factors, to determine which types may endure and which may be doomed to collapse. Simulations show that resource use plays the key role. The simulations also show which types of detectable technosignatures each may generate.